Use the pattern '是 ... 的' to put emphasis on the detail that goes in between 是 and 的 in a sentence. The detail is not only used to describes about an action of the verb, but also emphasize whom the action is taken.

The grammatical structure is ' Object + 是 + [ the detail to be emphasized with whom the action is taken ] + Verb + 的 '.

e.g.
这纸条一定是玛丽留给我的。
This note must have been left to me by Mary.

(In this example, the detail to be emphasized is 玛丽留给我。We emphasize such action is taken by Mary.)

Result complements are a kind of verb-complement construction which is composed of a verb followed by a complement. In English, we can differentiate between the concepts of ‘to see’ and ‘to look’ using different verbs and these verbs either include the result (seeing) or do not (looking). However, most Mandarin verbs do not indicate the result and the result complements therefore are added to the verb to indicate the result, degree or state of the action, for example, whether the action was done or not.

a) Use the structural particle '得' to construct the result complement ( ' 得 + Adjective ' ) to indicates result, degree or state of the action with the grammatical structure ' Subject + Verb + 得 + Adjective '.

e.g.
我睡得很晚。I slept very late.
(In this example, the Mandarin verb is '睡' which means 'sleep' and the result complement of ' 得很晚 ' to indicate late sleeping time.)

e.g.
我睡得不晚。I slept not late.

b) Use result complement ( ' 得 + Adjective ' ) to indicates result, degree or state of doing something with the grammatical structure 'Subject + (Verb +) Objective+ Verb + 得 + Adjective '.

e.g.
我唱歌唱得很好。I can sing very well.

Use '比' to put before a verb, together with the result complement ( ' 得 + Adjective ' ), to compare one (A) with another (B) with the grammatical structure ' A + 比 + B + Verb + 得 + Adjective '.

e.g.

他比我学得好. He studies better than I do.

Another grammatical structure to achieve the same purpose of comparison between A and B is ' A + Verb + 得 + 比 + B + Adjective '.

e.g.
他学得比我好. He studies better than I do.

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